Introductory Psychology CLEP Prep Practice Exam

Which theory of emotion suggests that the physiological state of arousal and labeling of the arousal cause emotions?

1. Cognitive appraisal theory

2. Psychodynamic theory

3. Evolutionary theory

4. James-Lange theory

The correct answer is: James-Lange theory

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are experienced after the body responds physiologically, and our labeling or interpretation of the arousal leads to the experience of emotion. This means that the body responds first, and then we interpret that physical reaction as a specific emotion. Option A, cognitive appraisal theory, suggests that our emotions are a result of our cognitive interpretation of a situation. Option B, psychodynamic theory, focuses on the unconscious and past experiences in shaping emotions. Option C, evolutionary theory, states that emotions have evolved as adaptive responses to specific situations. These theories differ from the James-Lange theory in their emphasis on either cognitive processes, the unconscious, or evolution as the primary factor in causing emotions.